Wisdom Academia Venture
e-ISSN: 3141-1010
e-ISSN: 3141-1010
CURRENT ISSUE
Volume 1, May 2026
Artificial Intelligence in Prenatal Diagnosis: Ethical Reflections from an Islamic Perspective
Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have significantly influenced the field of medical imaging, including prenatal diagnosis. AI-based systems, particularly those employing machine learning and deep learning algorithms, have demonstrated promising capabilities in analyzing ultrasound images for the detection of fetal abnormalities. These technologies have been applied to identify conditions such as congenital heart defects, neurological abnormalities, skeletal disorders, and pregnancy-related complications, thereby supporting clinicians in improving diagnostic accuracy and early detection. Despite these technological benefits, the integration of AI into prenatal medicine also raises important ethical concerns, particularly regarding parental decision-making, diagnostic uncertainty, and the responsible use of automated medical systems. This paper examines the role of artificial intelligence in prenatal diagnosis and explores its ethical implications from an Islamic perspective. By integrating insights from medical science with Islamic ethical principles, the study analyzes how emerging diagnostic technologies may align with the objectives of Islamic law (Maqasid al-Shariah), particularly the preservation of life (ḥifẓ al-nafs) and the preservation of lineage (ḥifẓ al-nasl). The discussion highlights the importance of ensuring that AI functions as a supportive clinical tool rather than a replacement for human medical judgement. Ultimately, the study argues that Islamic ethical principles provide valuable guidance for the responsible integration of artificial intelligence in prenatal healthcare while maintaining respect for human dignity and moral accountability.
Keywords: Artificial intelligence, fetal abnormalities, Islamic bioethics, medical imaging, prenatal diagnosis.
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Coghlan, S., Gyngell, C., & Vears, D. F. (2023a). Ethics of artificial intelligence in prenatal and pediatric genomic medicine. Journal of Community Genetics, 15(1), 13–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12687-023-00678-4
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d’Elia, A., Gabbay, M., Rodgers, S., Kierans, C., Jones, E., Durrani, I., Thomas, A., & Frith, L. (2022). Artificial intelligence and health inequities in primary care: a systematic scoping review and framework. Family Medicine and Community Health, 10(Suppl 1), e001670. https://doi.org/10.1136/fmch-2022-001670
Dlugatch, R., Georgieva, A., & Kerasidou, A. (2023). Trustworthy artificial intelligence and ethical design: public perceptions of trustworthiness of an AI-based decision-support tool in the context of intrapartum care. BMC Medical Ethics, 24(1), 42. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-023-00917-w
Drukker, L., Noble, J. A., & Papageorghiou, A. T. (2020). Introduction to artificial intelligence in ultrasound imaging in obstetrics and gynecology. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 56(4), 498–505. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.22122
Fiorentino, M. C., Villani, F. P., Di Cosmo, M., Frontoni, E., & Moccia, S. (2023). A review on deep-learning algorithms for fetal ultrasound-image analysis. Medical Image Analysis, 83, 102629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2022.102629
Ghelich Oghli, M., Shabanzadeh, A., Moradi, S., Sirjani, N., Gerami, R., Ghaderi, P., Sanei Taheri, M., Shiri, I., Arabi, H., & Zaidi, H. (2021). Automatic fetal biometry prediction using a novel deep convolutional network architecture. Physica Medica, 88, 127–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.06.020
Hanna, M. G., Pantanowitz, L., Jackson, B., Palmer, O., Visweswaran, S., Pantanowitz, J., Deebajah, M., & Rashidi, H. H. (2025). Ethical and Bias Considerations in Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning. Modern Pathology, 38(3), 100686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.modpat.2024.100686
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Khairina Zahidah, D., Norrodia, S., & Adawiyah, A. (2025). Al-Ghazali’s Contribution to Islamic Scientific Ethics: Integration of Moral Values in Science Development. ICONIS: International Conference on Islamic Studies, 9, 175–182. https://doi.org/10.19105/iconis.v9i1.951
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Kumar, Y., Koul, A., Singla, R., & Ijaz, M. F. (2023). Artificial intelligence in disease diagnosis: a systematic literature review, synthesizing framework and future research agenda. Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, 14(7), 8459–8486. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-021-03612-z
Latha, S., Muthu, P., Lai, K. W., Khalil, A., & Dhanalakshmi, S. (2022). Performance Analysis of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Architectures on Early Stroke Detection Using Carotid Artery Ultrasound Images. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2021.828214
Mitra, P. (2021). The Beginning of Life Issues: An Islamic Perspective. Journal of Religion and Health, 60(2), 663–683. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-020-01018-3
Oftedal, A., Bekkhus, M., Haugen, G. N., Czajkowski, N. O., & Kaasen, A. (2022). The impact of diagnosed fetal anomaly, diagnostic severity and prognostic ambiguity on parental depression and traumatic stress: a prospective longitudinal cohort study. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 101(11), 1291–1299. https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.14453
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Shorey, S., Lalor, J., Pereira, T. L., Jarašiūnaitė‐Fedosejeva, G., & Downe, S. (2023). Decision‐making and future pregnancies after a positive fetal anomaly screen: A scoping review. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 32(17–18), 5534–5549. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.16628
Siddique, N., Paheding, S., Elkin, C. P., & Devabhaktuni, V. (2021). U-Net and Its Variants for Medical Image Segmentation: A Review of Theory and Applications. IEEE Access, 9, 82031–82057. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3086020
Singh, H., Sharma, V., & Singh, D. (2022). Comparative analysis of proficiencies of various textures and geometric features in breast mass classification using k-nearest neighbor. Visual Computing for Industry, Biomedicine, and Art, 5(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42492-021-00100-1
Xie, H. N., Wang, N., He, M., Zhang, L. H., Cai, H. M., Xian, J. B., Lin, M. F., Zheng, J., & Yang, Y. Z. (2020). Using deep‐learning algorithms to classify fetal brain ultrasound images as normal or abnormal. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 56(4), 579–587. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.21967
Progressive Islam and Maqasid Shariah: Ethical Reform and Teleological Reasoning in Contemporary Islamic Thought
This article examines the conceptual integration of Progressive Islam and Maqasid Shariah as an ethical–teleological paradigm in contemporary Islamic thought. It argues that Progressive Islam functions primarily as a project of ethical reform rather than doctrinal revisionism, foregrounding moral universals such as justice, dignity, compassion, and human welfare through contextual and historically conscious interpretation. Maqasid Shariah, by contrast, provides the structured normative architecture that anchors such reform within Islamic legal theory by emphasizing purposive reasoning and ethical outcomes. Drawing on qualitative conceptual analysis of classical jurisprudence and contemporary scholarship, the study demonstrates that both frameworks share a teleological orientation that evaluates norms, interpretations, and institutions according to their capacity to realize ethical objectives rather than mere conformity to precedent. The article further shows how this convergence enables constructive engagement with modern challenges, including gender justice, minority rights, democratic governance, and global ethics, while remaining grounded in revelation. At the same time, the study critically addresses major challenges and critiques faced by both approaches, including accusations of moral relativism, methodological ambiguity, abstraction, and institutional resistance. The findings suggest that integrating Progressive Islam with Maqasid Shariah offers a coherent, principled, and adaptive methodology for Islamic ethical reasoning, capable of navigating modernity without sacrificing normative integrity or tradition
Keywords: Contemporary Islamic thought, Islamic ethics, Maqasid shariah, teleological reasoning progressive Islam.
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Hadis dan Isu Gender: Satu Analisis Feminisme Kontemporari
Hadith and Gender Issues: An Analysis of Contemporary Feminism
Gender issues in hadith texts frequently generate debate within modern society, particularly among feminist circles that critically examine the roles and rights of women. This study focuses on two principal issues highlighted in contemporary discourse, drawn from the website of Angkatan Murtad Malaysia as a source of digital discussion: (i) the prohibition of altering women’s natural creation, including practices such as tattooing, eyebrow plucking, and dental modifications; and (ii) restrictions on acts of worship during menstruation. The objective of this study is to examine perceptions of discrimination against women through the lens of contemporary feminism and to evaluate the extent to which harmonization between the authority of hadith and modern gender sensitivities can be achieved. This research employs a qualitative approach, involving textual analysis of classical hadith sources alongside digital discourses that critique these issues. The findings indicate that the tensions surrounding these matters often arise from literal interpretations of the texts and the separation of hadith from their historical context and the broader objectives of Islamic law (maqasid al-shariah). The prohibitions concerning alterations to women’s natural features and the rulings related to menstruation are not intended to degrade or marginalize women; rather, they are grounded in a broader legal structure and the higher objectives of Islamic jurisprudence. The study therefore emphasizes the importance of textual literacy and a contextual interpretive approach in addressing negative perceptions of hadith within contemporary gender debates.
Keywords: Gender issues, feminism, hadith, menstruation, women.
State-Led Islamization and Religious Conservatism in Malaysia and Indonesia: A Latest Systematic Literature Review
This systematic literature review analyzes recent patterns of state-led Islamization and religious conservatism in Malaysia and Indonesia, focusing on the interaction between state institutions, religious actors, and sociocultural forces in shaping contemporary Islamic governance. Although Islam in Southeast Asia has been widely studied, few works synthesize the most recent empirical findings using a structured and transparent review framework. To address this gap, the study applies the PRISMA protocol to guide systematic identification, screening, eligibility assessment, and inclusion. Searches were conducted in Web of Science and Scopus using keywords related to Islamization, Islamic governance, religious policy, conservatism, fundamentalism, traditionalism, and orthodoxy. Limiting the review to publications from 2025 ensured attention to the latest scholarly developments. After screening, 35 primary studies were selected for qualitative thematic synthesis. Findings are organized into three themes: (1) State, Law, and Islamic Governance, emphasizing legal reforms and institutional regulation; (2) Religious Authority, Education, and Intellectual Islamization, highlighting contestation in educational and fatwa institutions; and (3) Islam, Identity Politics, and Cultural Negotiation, examining identity formation and digital activism. The review concludes that Islamization operates through interconnected legal, intellectual, and cultural mechanisms rather than a single centralized model.
Keywords: Conservatism, Islamization, Indonesia, Malaysia, religion.
Faktor-Faktor Mempengaruhi Penerimaan Tahanan Remaja Terhadap Program Keagamaan di Penjara
Factors Influencing Juvenile Detainees’ Acceptance of Religious Programs in Prison
The implementation of religious programs aims to strengthen character development and religious appreciation among juvenile detainees. However, their effectiveness often depends on the extent to which the juveniles accept and actively engage in these programs. Rejection or lack of participation among detainees is attributed to various external factors, including weaknesses in program planning, limitations in teaching personnel, institutional bureaucracy, and peer social influence. Accordingly, this study identifies the factors that influence juvenile detainees’ acceptance of religious programs in juvenile detention institutions. This study employs a qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews with ten juvenile detainees to explore their experiences, perceptions, and the factors influencing their involvement in religious programs. The findings indicate that three main factors affect acceptance: peer influence, the role of religious teachers, and the learning environment. Peer influence serves as encouragement for juveniles to emulate positive behaviors, while religious teachers act as moral role models who provide guidance through relationships grounded in compassion and respect. Additionally, a calm and open prayer hall environment equipped with adequate learning facilities enhances detainees’ focus and motivation to participate in religious programs.The study emphasizes that the success of religious programs in detention centers does not solely depend on program structure but also on supportive social interactions and environmental conditions that facilitate acceptance and transformation among juvenile detainees.
Keywords: Acceptance, influence, juvenile detainee rehabilitation religious programs.
The National Identity of Sri Lankan Muslims: Complementarity, Constitutional Constraint, and the Politics of Asymmetric Pluralism
This paper discusses the way in which the Sri Lankan Muslims define their national identity. The society started with the Arab-Indian sea merchants and was subsequently referred to as Moors by the colonizers. Since they are distributed all over the island and lack one homeland, they are primarily religious and not ethnic or territorial. One of the main constitutional concerns that is raised in the study is that Sri Lanka permits the use of the Muslim Personal Law in state-controlled Quazi courts but the constitution grants Buddhism a pre-eminent place, meaning that Muslims are given preference but not equal treatment. Social studies indicate that majority of the Sri Lankan Muslims view Islam and national identity as coexistent and deny the fact that they have to make a choice between the two. However, the continued ethnic violence and increased majority nationalism are indications that the integration of Muslims into the national identity is conditional and unstable which may not be fully established.
Keywords: Ethno-religious politics, Muslim Personal Law, national identity, religious minority rights, Sri Lankan Muslims.
Keadilan Sosial Islam dalam Kerangka Masyarakat Madani
Islamic Social Justice within the Framework of a Civilised Society
Social justice remains a central concern in contemporary discussions on development and civilisational progress, particularly in addressing economic inequality, social disparities, and declining public trust in institutions. In the Islamic intellectual tradition, justice is not merely a moral principle or a mechanism of redistribution, but a divine mandate that structures social life. This article examines the concept of social justice in Islam within the framework of a civilised society as a normative foundation for contemporary societal development. Using a qualitative approach based on conceptual analysis of classical Islamic sources and the thought of Mustafa al-Siba‘i, complemented by selected modern theories of justice, the study identifies three interconnected dimensions of Islamic social justice: the ontological dimension rooted in tawhid and amanah, the institutional dimension concerning governance and resource management, and the moral dimension that nurtures social solidarity. The integration of these dimensions positions Islamic social justice as a coherent framework for building a sustainable, ethical, and resilient civilised society.
Keywords: Civilisation, Islamic governance, Madani, social justice, social solidarity.
Al-Ghazali’s Skepticism and Its Influence on Aqidah of Malaysian Muslims
Malaysia recognizes Islam as its official religion. Nevertheless, issues concerning faith (‘aqidah), particularly challenges related to skepticism, continue to emerge within Malaysian society. Skepticism, a philosophical approach in the pursuit of truth, may lead to confusion when applied to matters of ‘aqidah concerning divine realities. Notably, al-Ghazali experienced a profound epistemological crisis, questioning certainty from rational and sensory sources. He ultimately resolved this through the spiritual path of Sufism. This article examines skepticism’s implications for ‘aqidah from al-Ghazali’s perspective and its manifestations in Malaysia. Employing the PRISMA framework, the study systematically reviewed 25 peer-reviewed articles indexed in Scopus and Web of Science. Findings suggest that a spiritually grounded approach offers a coherent response to crises of faith. Since matters of the unseen transcend rational inquiry, integrating spiritual epistemology provides a comprehensive framework for resolving doubt. Al-Ghazali’s model offers a relevant paradigm for addressing modern skepticism in contemporary Muslim contexts.
Keywords: Aqidah, Al-Ghazali, Malaysia, skepticism, sufism.
Analysis on Past Literature Review: Abu Sayyaf’s Expansion Strategy and Its Impact on Sabah
The emergence of Abu Sayyaf militants (ASM) from the Philippines is a dark corner of Malaysian history that threatened harmony, especially in Sabah. Linked to various dangerous criminal activities since the 2000s, these efforts aim to achieve their ideological goals. Consequently, the narrative of the Abu Sayyaf Group’s strategy towards Sabah and Malaysia is studied by scholars through articles, books, and reports. A literature review of the last five to six years was carried out to identify militant strategies and conclude research problems for security experts and researchers. Through this analysis, the study concludes: First, research on the ASG criminal network in Sabah must be updated, as it involves international and domestic networks like the Maute group, BIFF, and small militant groups in Southeast Asia. Second, government changes affect militant activities in Malaysia, especially in Sabah and neighboring countries; hence, analysis is needed to generate new counter-narrative implications. Third, security cooperation in Southeast Asia must cover social media networks and include Singapore. This is because the Abu Sayyaf Group’s expansion narrative strategy covers not only Sabah and Indomalphil but the whole of Southeast Asia, including Singapore.
Keywords: Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG), diaspora movement, expansion, Sabah, the Philippines.
Islamic Ethics in Artificial Intelligent: A Bibliometric Analysis
This bibliometric study examines the development of scholarship on Islamic ethics and artificial intelligence (AI) from 2005 to 2024. Using Scopus-indexed publications, refined through OpenRefine and analysed with VOSviewer, the study identifies 655 peer-reviewed journal articles in English and Malay addressing the intersection of Islamic ethical principles and AI technologies. The findings show that research is primarily concentrated in Social Sciences, Computer Science, and Arts and Humanities. Keyword co-occurrence analysis highlights “artificial intelligence,” “ethics,” “machine learning,” and “ChatGPT” as central themes. Co-authorship and country analyses indicate that the United States and the United Kingdom dominate scholarly output, with Germany and Italy also playing influential roles. Citation analysis reveals that foundational AI ethics frameworks—particularly those by Floridi et al. and Hagendorff—serve as key intellectual anchors, bridging normative theory and applied ethics. The study concludes that while interest in Islamic ethics and AI is growing, the field remains geographically and disciplinarily concentrated. Future research should promote broader global collaboration and expand into underrepresented areas such as finance and public policy to enrich ethical discourse.
Keywords: Islamic Ethics, Ethics, Artificial Intelligence, Bibliometric, Research Trends
Islamisasi Sebagai Ideologi Sosial dan Dinamika Hubungan Kaum di Malaysia
Islamization as a Social Ideology and the Dynamics of Inter Ethnic Relations in Malaysia
The reinforcement of Islamic values in the country’s life system is a social and ideological process that shapes Islamization in Malaysia. This process does not only involve religious aspects, but it also influences the social, political, and cultural dimensions of a plural society. Policies introduced since the rise of Islamization in the 1980s—such as the Policy of Islamic Values Integration, Islam Hadhari, and Malaysia Madani—have been institutionalized to embed Islamic values. This process demonstrates that Islamization is not merely a religious matter but is rooted in a social ideology that shapes national identity and interethnic relations. Therefore, this study examines how the ideology of Islamization affects the social dynamics between ethnic groups in Malaysia, whether as a factor strengthening unity or as a source of challenges within the framework of cultural and religious pluralism. This research employs a qualitative approach by analyzing policy documents, academic materials such as journals and books, as well as scholarly writings. Antonio Gramsci’s theory of hegemony is also used to understand the role of dominant ideology in shaping social consciousness, and Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas’s concept of the Islamization of knowledge is applied to evaluate ethical and intellectual dimensions in the context of a plural society. The findings show that Islamization serves as a core element in strengthening moral values and social cohesion, but when its implementation is not aligned with principles of justice and inclusivity, it can give rise to challenges.
Keywords: Islamization, social ideology, ethnic dynamics, unity, Malaysia.
Pandangan Islam terhadap Penggunaan AI dalam Mengatasi Kesepian: Etika dan Spiritual Komunikasi Manusia-Mesin
An Islamic Perspective on the Use of Artificial Intelligence to Address Loneliness: Ethical and Spiritual Dimensions of Human–Machine Communication
The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed human interaction, with innovations such as AI companions increasingly proposed as solutions to loneliness, a growing global public health concern. While these technologies show potential in offering emotional support, they also raise ethical and spiritual challenges that are often neglected within dominant Western ethical frameworks. This study addresses this gap by examining Islamic perspectives on the use of AI to alleviate loneliness, focusing on the ethical and spiritual dimensions of human–machine communication. Using a qualitative approach, the study combines an extensive literature review with field research. Textual analysis is conducted on primary Islamic sources, including classical and contemporary Quranic exegesis and relevant Hadith, alongside semi-structured interviews with scholars in Islamic communication and technology ethics. The findings indicate that Islam permits the use of AI in a limited and conditional manner. AI is regarded as a supplementary tool that must not replace or undermine authentic human relationships and must operate in alignment with the objectives of Islamic law (Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah).Spiritually, the study highlights that the fundamental remedy for loneliness is transcendental, rooted in dhikrullāh(remembrance of God) and the strengthening of communal bonds (ukhuwwah). Reliance on AI risks dehumanization and illusory dependency, underscoring the need for ethically grounded AI development within mental health contexts.
Keywords: Artificial intelligence, dehumanization, human–machine communication, illusory dependency, loneliness.
Religious Moderation in the Context of Understanding Theory and Renewed Social Reality
The discourse on religious moderation has tended to be normative and separated from the dynamics of interpretation and contemporary social change. This article is raised because there is a gap in the approach to understanding religious moderation which has not integrated many hermeneutical perspectives with new social realities. This research aims to explain religious moderation within the framework of the theory of understanding and the evolving social context. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach with a literature study technique, which examines the works of Hans-Georg Gadamer, and Paul Ricoeur, as well as contemporary Muslim thinkers such as Fazlur Rahman and Amina Wadud. The main findings show that religious moderation is not simply a middle-of-the-road attitude, but is the result of a historical, dialogical, and contextual interpretation process of texts and social realities. The novelty of this study lies in integrating the Western hermeneutical framework and Islamic contextual interpretation as an interpretative approach to the values of moderation. The article also presents the real implementation of religious moderation through education, interfaith dialog, and digital da’wah in line with technological developments and state policies. Thus, this article provides theoretical and practical contributions to strengthening religious moderation in response to the challenges of globalization, digitalization, and the plurality of contemporary society.
Keywords: Hermeneutics, religious education, religious moderation, social reality, tolerance.