{"id":251,"date":"2026-02-07T10:10:47","date_gmt":"2026-02-07T10:10:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wisdom-academia.my\/jopi\/?page_id=251"},"modified":"2026-03-30T07:17:45","modified_gmt":"2026-03-30T07:17:45","slug":"jopi-volume-1-05-2026","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/wisdom-academia.my\/jopi\/jopi-volume-1-05-2026\/","title":{"rendered":"JOPI: Volume 1, May 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"251\" class=\"elementor elementor-251\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a392674 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a392674\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b97867 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1b97867\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec090ce e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ec090ce\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-469921a elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"469921a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"640\" class=\"elementor elementor-640\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3b190f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c3b190f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-432ce99 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"432ce99\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f779cd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9f779cd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc3ee6b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bc3ee6b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06765b2 e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"06765b2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6585dfb elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6585dfb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"525\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/wisdom-academia.my\/jopi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/JOPI-COVER-VOL.-1-717x1024.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-205\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wisdom-academia.my\/jopi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/JOPI-COVER-VOL.-1-717x1024.png 717w, https:\/\/wisdom-academia.my\/jopi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/JOPI-COVER-VOL.-1-210x300.png 210w, https:\/\/wisdom-academia.my\/jopi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/JOPI-COVER-VOL.-1-768x1097.png 768w, https:\/\/wisdom-academia.my\/jopi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/JOPI-COVER-VOL.-1-1075x1536.png 1075w, https:\/\/wisdom-academia.my\/jopi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/JOPI-COVER-VOL.-1.png 1400w\" sizes=\"100vw\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0a8a66 e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b0a8a66\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a1a183 elementor-drop-cap-yes elementor-drop-cap-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6a1a183\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;drop_cap&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>CURRENT ISSUE<\/strong><br \/>Volume 1, May 2026<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40e92d0 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"40e92d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/wisdom-academia.my\/jopi\/jopi-volume-1-05-2026\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">View this Issue<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d851a60 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d851a60\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973d0df e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"973d0df\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa9a81d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"aa9a81d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Editor in Chef<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f17ca5c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f17ca5c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/wisdom-academia.my\/jopi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/aslong-150x150.png\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-image-222\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wisdom-academia.my\/jopi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/aslong-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/wisdom-academia.my\/jopi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/aslong-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/wisdom-academia.my\/jopi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/aslong-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/wisdom-academia.my\/jopi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/aslong-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/wisdom-academia.my\/jopi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/elementor\/thumbs\/aslong-rj6lypqj9xrhx3wnvdajhxfgvzpakxz4wq6ovk3g88.png 100w, https:\/\/wisdom-academia.my\/jopi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/aslong.png 1080w\" sizes=\"100vw\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed29183 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ed29183\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">PROFESSOR DR. AHMAD SUNAWARI LONG<br>\ne-Mail: jopi@wisdom-academia.my<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ecd7d6e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ecd7d6e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fc40ae e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1fc40ae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe7f066 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fe7f066\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ef4915 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2ef4915\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9c4d74 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e9c4d74\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f2ec62 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4f2ec62\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Volume 1, May 2026<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba908dd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ba908dd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83777b1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"83777b1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6bc682b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6bc682b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a50f7cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a50f7cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><a style=\"color: #333399;\" href=\"https:\/\/wisdom-academia.my\/jopi\/wp-content\/uploads\/jopi-vol.1-052026\/jopi-vol.1-052026-preliminary.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Preliminary<\/a><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7037680 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7037680\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e73d87c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e73d87c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5da44b8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5da44b8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc2d906 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bc2d906\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">AHMAD LUQMANULHAKIM SUNAWARI, MUHAMMAD ROFLEE WAEHAMA &amp; AZIRA KHALIL\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f13ac4d elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f13ac4d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4988f9d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4988f9d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Artificial Intelligence in Prenatal Diagnosis: Ethical Reflections from an Islamic Perspective<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8eef92 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e8eef92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-499a7c5 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"499a7c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"77178821\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-771788211\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-771788211\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-771788211\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle History\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-771788212\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-771788212\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-771788212\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tPage &amp; DOI\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-771788213\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-771788213\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-771788213\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract &amp; Keywords\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-771788214\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-771788214\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-771788214\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-771788215\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-771788215\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-771788215\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Article (PDF)\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-771788211\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-771788211\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-f845557 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f845557\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d6e6df elementor-icon-list--layout-inline elementor-align-center elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"9d6e6df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items elementor-inline-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Received: 12.01.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Revised: 30.04.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Accepted: 23.05.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Published: 30.05.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-771788212\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-771788212\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-d0eb579 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d0eb579\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48a9306 elementor-icon-list--layout-inline elementor-align-center elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"48a9306\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items elementor-inline-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Page: 1-14<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/jopi.01.2026.01<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-771788213\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-771788213\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-7280d06 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7280d06\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a2a38d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1a2a38d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/h6><p>Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have significantly influenced the field of medical imaging, including prenatal diagnosis. AI-based systems, particularly those employing machine learning and deep learning algorithms, have demonstrated promising capabilities in analyzing ultrasound images for the detection of fetal abnormalities. These technologies have been applied to identify conditions such as congenital heart defects, neurological abnormalities, skeletal disorders, and pregnancy-related complications, thereby supporting clinicians in improving diagnostic accuracy and early detection. Despite these technological benefits, the integration of AI into prenatal medicine also raises important ethical concerns, particularly regarding parental decision-making, diagnostic uncertainty, and the responsible use of automated medical systems. This paper examines the role of artificial intelligence in prenatal diagnosis and explores its ethical implications from an Islamic perspective. By integrating insights from medical science with Islamic ethical principles, the study analyzes how emerging diagnostic technologies may align with the objectives of Islamic law (Maqasid al-Shariah), particularly the preservation of life (\u1e25if\u1e93 al-nafs) and the preservation of lineage (\u1e25if\u1e93 al-nasl). The discussion highlights the importance of ensuring that AI functions as a supportive clinical tool rather than a replacement for human medical judgement. Ultimately, the study argues that Islamic ethical principles provide valuable guidance for the responsible integration of artificial intelligence in prenatal healthcare while maintaining respect for human dignity and moral accountability.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Artificial intelligence, fetal abnormalities, Islamic bioethics, medical imaging, prenatal diagnosis. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-771788214\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-771788214\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-a2e263f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a2e263f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b94c812 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b94c812\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">References<\/h6><ol><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ol><li><p>Akah, R. 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Transparency and accountability in AI systems: safeguarding wellbeing in the age of algorithmic decision-making. <em>Frontiers in Human Dynamics<\/em>, <em>6<\/em>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fhumd.2024.1421273<\/p><\/li><li><p>Coghlan, S., Gyngell, C., &amp; Vears, D. F. (2023a). Ethics of artificial intelligence in prenatal and pediatric genomic medicine. <em>Journal of Community Genetics<\/em>, <em>15<\/em>(1), 13\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12687-023-00678-4<\/p><\/li><li><p>Coghlan, S., Gyngell, C., &amp; Vears, D. F. (2023b). Ethics of artificial intelligence in prenatal and pediatric genomic medicine. <em>Journal of Community Genetics<\/em>, <em>15<\/em>(1), 13\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12687-023-00678-4<\/p><\/li><li><p><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">d\u2019Elia, A., Gabbay, M., Rodgers, S., Kierans, C., Jones, E., Durrani, I., Thomas, A., &amp; Frith, L. (2022). Artificial intelligence and health inequities in primary care: a systematic scoping review and framework. <\/span><em style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Family Medicine and Community Health<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">, <\/span><em style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">10<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">(Suppl 1), e001670. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/fmch-2022-001670<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Dlugatch, R., Georgieva, A., &amp; Kerasidou, A. (2023). Trustworthy artificial intelligence and ethical design: public perceptions of trustworthiness of an AI-based decision-support tool in the context of intrapartum care. <\/span><em style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">BMC Medical Ethics<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">, <\/span><em style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">24<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">(1), 42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12910-023-00917-w<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Drukker, L., Noble, J. A., &amp; Papageorghiou, A. T. (2020). Introduction to artificial intelligence in ultrasound imaging in obstetrics and gynecology. <\/span><em style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Ultrasound in Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">, <\/span><em style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">56<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">(4), 498\u2013505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/uog.22122<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Fiorentino, M. C., Villani, F. P., Di Cosmo, M., Frontoni, E., &amp; Moccia, S. (2023). A review on deep-learning algorithms for fetal ultrasound-image analysis. <\/span><em style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Medical Image Analysis<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">, <\/span><em style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">83<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">, 102629. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.media.2022.102629<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Ghelich Oghli, M., Shabanzadeh, A., Moradi, S., Sirjani, N., Gerami, R., Ghaderi, P., Sanei Taheri, M., Shiri, I., Arabi, H., &amp; Zaidi, H. (2021). Automatic fetal biometry prediction using a novel deep convolutional network architecture. <\/span><em style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Physica Medica<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">, <\/span><em style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">88<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">, 127\u2013137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejmp.2021.06.020<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Hanna, M. G., Pantanowitz, L., Jackson, B., Palmer, O., Visweswaran, S., Pantanowitz, J., Deebajah, M., &amp; Rashidi, H. H. (2025). Ethical and Bias Considerations in Artificial Intelligence\/Machine Learning. <\/span><em style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Modern Pathology<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">, <\/span><em style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">38<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">(3), 100686. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.modpat.2024.100686<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">He, F., Wang, Y., Xiu, Y., Zhang, Y., &amp; Chen, L. (2021). Artificial Intelligence in Prenatal Ultrasound Diagnosis. <\/span><em style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Frontiers in Medicine<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">, <\/span><em style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">8<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.729978<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Huster, S. (2021). Non-invasive prenatal diagnostics (NIPD) in the system of medical care. Ethical and legal issues. <\/span><em style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Journal of Perinatal Medicine<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">, <\/span><em style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">49<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">(8), 972\u2013978. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jpm-2021-0195<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Khairina Zahidah, D., Norrodia, S., &amp; Adawiyah, A. (2025). Al-Ghazali\u2019s Contribution to Islamic Scientific Ethics: Integration of Moral Values in Science Development. <\/span><em style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">ICONIS: International Conference on Islamic Studies<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">, <\/span><em style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">9<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">, 175\u2013182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19105\/iconis.v9i1.951<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Khalifa, M., &amp; Albadawy, M. (2024). AI in diagnostic imaging: Revolutionising accuracy and efficiency. <\/span><em style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine Update<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">, <\/span><em style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">5<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">, 100146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmpbup.2024.100146<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p>Krawczyk, Z., &amp; Starzy\u0144ski, J. (2021). Segmentation of bone structures with the use of deep learning techniques. <em>Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences<\/em>, 136751\u2013136751. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24425\/bpasts.2021.136751<\/p><\/li><li><p>Kumar, Y., Koul, A., Singla, R., &amp; Ijaz, M. F. (2023). Artificial intelligence in disease diagnosis: a systematic literature review, synthesizing framework and future research agenda. <em>Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing<\/em>, <em>14<\/em>(7), 8459\u20138486. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12652-021-03612-z<\/p><\/li><li><p>Latha, S., Muthu, P., Lai, K. W., Khalil, A., &amp; Dhanalakshmi, S. (2022). Performance Analysis of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Architectures on Early Stroke Detection Using Carotid Artery Ultrasound Images. <em>Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience<\/em>, <em>13<\/em>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2021.828214<\/p><\/li><li><p>Mitra, P. (2021). The Beginning of Life Issues: An Islamic Perspective. <em>Journal of Religion and Health<\/em>, <em>60<\/em>(2), 663\u2013683. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10943-020-01018-3<\/p><\/li><li><p>Oftedal, A., Bekkhus, M., Haugen, G. N., Czajkowski, N. O., &amp; Kaasen, A. (2022). The impact of diagnosed fetal anomaly, diagnostic severity and prognostic ambiguity on parental depression and traumatic stress: a prospective longitudinal cohort study. <em>Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica<\/em>, <em>101<\/em>(11), 1291\u20131299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aogs.14453<\/p><\/li><li><p>Shoaib, M. A., Chuah, J. H., Ali, R., Hasikin, K., Khalil, A., Hum, Y. C., Tee, Y. K., Dhanalakshmi, S., &amp; Lai, K. W. (2023). An Overview of Deep Learning Methods for Left Ventricle Segmentation. <em>Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience<\/em>, <em>2023<\/em>(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2023\/4208231<\/p><\/li><li><p>Shorey, S., Lalor, J., Pereira, T. L., Jara\u0161i\u016bnait\u0117\u2010Fedosejeva, G., &amp; Downe, S. (2023). Decision\u2010making and future pregnancies after a positive fetal anomaly screen: A scoping review. <em>Journal of Clinical Nursing<\/em>, <em>32<\/em>(17\u201318), 5534\u20135549. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocn.16628<\/p><\/li><li><p>Siddique, N., Paheding, S., Elkin, C. P., &amp; Devabhaktuni, V. (2021). U-Net and Its Variants for Medical Image Segmentation: A Review of Theory and Applications. <em>IEEE Access<\/em>, <em>9<\/em>, 82031\u201382057. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3086020<\/p><\/li><li><p>Singh, H., Sharma, V., &amp; Singh, D. (2022). Comparative analysis of proficiencies of various textures and geometric features in breast mass classification using k-nearest neighbor. <em>Visual Computing for Industry, Biomedicine, and Art<\/em>, <em>5<\/em>(1), 3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42492-021-00100-1<\/p><\/li><li><p>Xie, H. N., Wang, N., He, M., Zhang, L. H., Cai, H. M., Xian, J. B., Lin, M. F., Zheng, J., &amp; Yang, Y. Z. (2020). Using deep\u2010learning algorithms to classify fetal brain ultrasound images as normal or abnormal. <em>Ultrasound in Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology<\/em>, <em>56<\/em>(4), 579\u2013587. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/uog.21967<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-771788215\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-771788215\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-bf33b71 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bf33b71\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5d735f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b5d735f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wisdom-academia.my\/jopi\/wp-content\/uploads\/jopi-vol.1-052026\/jopi-vol.1-052026-01-14.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Please <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>CLICK<\/strong><\/span> here.<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f069984 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f069984\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a582da e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4a582da\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12a3908 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"12a3908\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-877e0d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"877e0d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">AHMAD SUNAWARI LONG &amp; HASSE JUBBA<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb1d293 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"cb1d293\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55adfea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"55adfea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Progressive Islam and Maqasid Shariah: Ethical Reform and Teleological Reasoning in Contemporary Islamic Thought<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e5f7f7a elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e5f7f7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6c707c e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"b6c707c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"191656060\" aria-label=\"Tabs. 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22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Received: 17.02.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Revised: 15.03.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Accepted: 23.04.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Published: 30.05.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1916560602\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1916560602\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-7beddcc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7beddcc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0803dec elementor-icon-list--layout-inline elementor-align-center elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"0803dec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items elementor-inline-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Page: 15-27<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/jopi.01.2026.02<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1916560603\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1916560603\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-422e365 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"422e365\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7640e30 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7640e30\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/h6><p>This article examines the conceptual integration of Progressive Islam and Maqasid Shariah as an ethical\u2013teleological paradigm in contemporary Islamic thought. It argues that Progressive Islam functions primarily as a project of ethical reform rather than doctrinal revisionism, foregrounding moral universals such as justice, dignity, compassion, and human welfare through contextual and historically conscious interpretation. Maqasid Shariah, by contrast, provides the structured normative architecture that anchors such reform within Islamic legal theory by emphasizing purposive reasoning and ethical outcomes. Drawing on qualitative conceptual analysis of classical jurisprudence and contemporary scholarship, the study demonstrates that both frameworks share a teleological orientation that evaluates norms, interpretations, and institutions according to their capacity to realize ethical objectives rather than mere conformity to precedent. The article further shows how this convergence enables constructive engagement with modern challenges, including gender justice, minority rights, democratic governance, and global ethics, while remaining grounded in revelation. At the same time, the study critically addresses major challenges and critiques faced by both approaches, including accusations of moral relativism, methodological ambiguity, abstraction, and institutional resistance. The findings suggest that integrating Progressive Islam with Maqasid Shariah offers a coherent, principled, and adaptive methodology for Islamic ethical reasoning, capable of navigating modernity without sacrificing normative integrity or tradition<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Contemporary Islamic thought, Islamic ethics, Maqasid shariah, teleological reasoning progressive Islam.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1916560604\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1916560604\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-e58f941 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e58f941\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2dcd7a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d2dcd7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">References<\/h6><ol><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ol><li><p>Auda, J. (2008).\u00a0<em>Maqasid al-Shariah as philosophy of Islamic law: A systems approach<\/em>. London: International Institute of Islamic Thought.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Dusuki, A. W., &amp; Abdullah, N. I. (2007). Maqasid al-Shari\u2018ah, maslahah, and corporate social responsibility.\u00a0<em>American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences<\/em>, 24(1), 25\u201345.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Esack, F. (1997). <em>Qur\u2019an, liberation and pluralism<\/em>. Oxford: Oneworld.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Hallaq, W. B. (2011).\u00a0<em>The impossible state: Islam, politics, and modernity\u2019s moral predicament<\/em>. New York: Columbia University Press.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Kamali, M. H. (2008). <em>Shari\u2018ah law: An introduction<\/em>. Oxford: Oneworld.<\/p><\/li><li><p>March, A. F. (2011).\u00a0<em>Islam and liberal citizenship: The search for an overlapping consensus<\/em>. Oxford: Oxford University Press.<\/p><\/li><li><p>March, A. F. (2011).\u00a0<em>Islam and liberal citizenship<\/em>. Oxford: Oxford University Press.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Masud, M. K. (2009).\u00a0<em>Shari\u2018a today: Essays on contemporary Islamic law<\/em>. Islamabad: Islamic Research Institute.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Saeed, A. (2006). <em>Interpreting the Qur\u2019an: Towards a contemporary approach<\/em>. London: Routledge.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Safi, O. (2003). <em>Progressive Muslims: On justice, gender, and pluralism<\/em>. Oxford: Oneworld.<\/p><\/li><li><p>al-Shatibi, A. I. (2004).\u00a0<em>Al-Muwafaqat fi usul al-shari\u2018a<\/em>. Cairo: Dar Ibn \u2018Affan.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1916560605\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1916560605\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-078fd08 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"078fd08\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c38548c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c38548c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wisdom-academia.my\/jopi\/wp-content\/uploads\/jopi-vol.1-052026\/jopi-vol.1-052026-15-27.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Please <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>CLICK<\/strong><\/span> here.<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16d6b8d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"16d6b8d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b9540f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4b9540f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b2ed86 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0b2ed86\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d23deb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7d23deb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">FARAH HANIE TALIP &amp; NURUL AINI<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5439da4 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5439da4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b10b7f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b10b7f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hadis dan Isu Gender: Satu Analisis Feminisme Kontemporari<br \/><em>Hadith and Gender Issues: An Analysis of Contemporary Feminism<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f40407 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9f40407\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e1e5a8 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"2e1e5a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"48358824\" aria-label=\"Tabs. 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278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tPage &amp; DOI\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-483588243\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-483588243\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-483588243\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract &amp; Keywords\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-483588244\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-483588244\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-483588244\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-483588245\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-483588245\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-483588245\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Article (PDF)\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-483588241\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-483588241\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-47916d4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"47916d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ecd9655 elementor-icon-list--layout-inline elementor-align-center elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"ecd9655\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items elementor-inline-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Received: 02.02.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Revised: 05.04.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Accepted: 17.05.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Published: 30.05.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-483588242\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-483588242\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-747d596 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"747d596\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a101be elementor-icon-list--layout-inline elementor-align-center elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"7a101be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items elementor-inline-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Page: 28-39<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/jopi.01.2026.03<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-483588243\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-483588243\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-2e0ebdd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2e0ebdd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-501f36c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"501f36c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/h6><p>Gender issues in hadith texts frequently generate debate within modern society, particularly among feminist circles that critically examine the roles and rights of women. This study focuses on two principal issues highlighted in contemporary discourse, drawn from the website of Angkatan Murtad Malaysia as a source of digital discussion: (i) the prohibition of altering women\u2019s natural creation, including practices such as tattooing, eyebrow plucking, and dental modifications; and (ii) restrictions on acts of worship during menstruation. The objective of this study is to examine perceptions of discrimination against women through the lens of contemporary feminism and to evaluate the extent to which harmonization between the authority of hadith and modern gender sensitivities can be achieved. This research employs a qualitative approach, involving textual analysis of classical hadith sources alongside digital discourses that critique these issues. The findings indicate that the tensions surrounding these matters often arise from literal interpretations of the texts and the separation of hadith from their historical context and the broader objectives of Islamic law (maqasid al-shariah). The prohibitions concerning alterations to women\u2019s natural features and the rulings related to menstruation are not intended to degrade or marginalize women; rather, they are grounded in a broader legal structure and the higher objectives of Islamic jurisprudence. The study therefore emphasizes the importance of textual literacy and a contextual interpretive approach in addressing negative perceptions of hadith within contemporary gender debates.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords: <\/strong>Gender issues, feminism, hadith, menstruation, women.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-483588244\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-483588244\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-f03a31a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f03a31a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87234e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"87234e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">References<\/h6><ol><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ol><li>Abdul Rahman. 2014. 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Al-Khabar: Dar Ibn Affan.<\/li><li>Talip, F. H., Kamarzaman, M. H. &amp; Ibrahim, M. 2023. Penyalahgunaan ayat al-Quran dan hadis oleh golongan agnostik dalam persoalan akidah. Jurnal Usuluddin 51(1): 29\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22452\/usuluddin.vol51no1.2<\/li><li>Wadud, A. 1999. Qur\u2019an and Woman: Rereading the Sacred Text from a Woman\u2019s Perspective. New York: Oxford University Press.<\/li><li>Watt, W. M. &amp; Bell, R. 1996. Hadith: Muhammad\u2019s Legacy in the Medieval and Modern World. Oxford: Oneworld Publications.<\/li><li>Zuraidah Kamaruddin, Rahimah Embong, Sakinah Salleh, Zurita Mohd Yusoff &amp; Wan Zailan Kamaruddin Wan Ali. 2015. Understanding of ijtih\u0101d from the mind of Sister in Islam: A critical analysis. Dalam Proceedings of ICIC2015 \u2013 International Conference on Empowering Islamic Civilization in the 21st Century, 6\u20137 September, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, hlm. 334.<\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-483588245\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-483588245\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-a5c2dbd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a5c2dbd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-697f52e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"697f52e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wisdom-academia.my\/jopi\/wp-content\/uploads\/jopi-vol.1-052026\/jopi-vol.1-052026-28-39.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Please <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>CLICK<\/strong><\/span> here.<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33a7982 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"33a7982\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b90ad7b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b90ad7b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-446d917 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"446d917\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a22b37 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4a22b37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">MOHAMMAD HASAN SHARAFI CHE MOHD ADLI, RAZALEIGH MUHAMAT KAWANGIT  &amp; MUHAMAD FAISAL ASHAARI<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59bd102 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"59bd102\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d694055 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d694055\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>State-Led Islamization and Religious Conservatism in Malaysia and Indonesia: A Latest Systematic Literature Review<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90ab6dd elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"90ab6dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6985506 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"6985506\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"110646534\" aria-label=\"Tabs. 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24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Article (PDF)\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1106465341\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1106465341\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-2ea5b1b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2ea5b1b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Received: 02.03.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Revised: 01.04.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Accepted: 15.05.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Published: 30.05.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1106465342\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1106465342\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-a79c5b8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a79c5b8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47e64b7 elementor-icon-list--layout-inline elementor-align-center elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"47e64b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items elementor-inline-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Page: 40-60<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/jopi.01.2026.04<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1106465343\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1106465343\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-756f513 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"756f513\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57fca19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"57fca19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This systematic literature review analyzes recent patterns of state-led Islamization and religious conservatism in Malaysia and Indonesia, focusing on the interaction between state institutions, religious actors, and sociocultural forces in shaping contemporary Islamic governance. Although Islam in Southeast Asia has been widely studied, few works synthesize the most recent empirical findings using a structured and transparent review framework. To address this gap, the study applies the PRISMA protocol to guide systematic identification, screening, eligibility assessment, and inclusion. Searches were conducted in Web of Science and Scopus using keywords related to Islamization, Islamic governance, religious policy, conservatism, fundamentalism, traditionalism, and orthodoxy. Limiting the review to publications from 2025 ensured attention to the latest scholarly developments. After screening, 35 primary studies were selected for qualitative thematic synthesis. Findings are organized into three themes: (1) State, Law, and Islamic Governance, emphasizing legal reforms and institutional regulation; (2) Religious Authority, Education, and Intellectual Islamization, highlighting contestation in educational and fatwa institutions; and (3) Islam, Identity Politics, and Cultural Negotiation, examining identity formation and digital activism. The review concludes that Islamization operates through interconnected legal, intellectual, and cultural mechanisms rather than a single centralized model.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Conservatism, Islamization, Indonesia, Malaysia, religion. \u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1106465344\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1106465344\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-0b5dc20 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0b5dc20\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8bc42c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8bc42c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">References<\/h6><ol><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ol><li>Abas, Z., A. 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Ernas, U. Sai\u2019dah, F. Lapele, &amp; W. Prihono. 2025. Beyond rhetoric and resistance: Institutional pathways of multiculturalism in Islamic higher education. <em>Jurnal Pendidikan Islam<\/em> <em>11<\/em>(2): 293-306.<\/li><li>Wijaya, A., A. Z. Abidin, &amp; M. Syaifudin. 2025. State-Sponsored Qur\u2019anic exegesis and interreligious relations: A comparative study of Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Indonesia. <em>Ascarya: Journal of Islamic Science, Culture and Social Studies<\/em> <em>5<\/em>(2): 279-291.<\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1106465345\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1106465345\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-eaab075 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"eaab075\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a904789 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a904789\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wisdom-academia.my\/jopi\/wp-content\/uploads\/jopi-vol.1-052026\/jopi-vol.1-052026-40-60.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Please <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>CLICK<\/strong><\/span> here.<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b67a6cb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b67a6cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de60fab e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"de60fab\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a5be90f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a5be90f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a69b02b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a69b02b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">MOHAMMAD IKHWAN ISMAIL  &amp; ZAENUDDIN HUDI PRASOJO<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fafcfcb elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"fafcfcb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be2238d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"be2238d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Faktor-Faktor Mempengaruhi Penerimaan Tahanan Remaja Terhadap Program Keagamaan di Penjara<\/p><p><em>Factors Influencing Juvenile Detainees\u2019 Acceptance of Religious Programs in Prison<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d7e3db elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1d7e3db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7dc329b e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"7dc329b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"131871387\" aria-label=\"Tabs. 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Keywords\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1318713874\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1318713874\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1318713874\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1318713875\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1318713875\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1318713875\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Article (PDF)\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1318713871\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1318713871\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-053300b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"053300b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-409f3c6 elementor-icon-list--layout-inline elementor-align-center elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"409f3c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items elementor-inline-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Received: 26.02.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Revised: 23.03.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Accepted: 30.04.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Published: 30.05.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1318713872\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1318713872\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-a4027b2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a4027b2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83ee2a3 elementor-icon-list--layout-inline elementor-align-center elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"83ee2a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items elementor-inline-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Page: 61-73<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/jopi.01.2026.05<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1318713873\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1318713873\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-abc9725 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"abc9725\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c32232 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4c32232\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/h6><p>The implementation of religious programs aims to strengthen character development and religious appreciation among juvenile detainees. However, their effectiveness often depends on the extent to which the juveniles accept and actively engage in these programs. Rejection or lack of participation among detainees is attributed to various external factors, including weaknesses in program planning, limitations in teaching personnel, institutional bureaucracy, and peer social influence. Accordingly, this study identifies the factors that influence juvenile detainees\u2019 acceptance of religious programs in juvenile detention institutions. This study employs a qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews with ten juvenile detainees to explore their experiences, perceptions, and the factors influencing their involvement in religious programs. The findings indicate that three main factors affect acceptance: peer influence, the role of religious teachers, and the learning environment. Peer influence serves as encouragement for juveniles to emulate positive behaviors, while religious teachers act as moral role models who provide guidance through relationships grounded in compassion and respect. Additionally, a calm and open prayer hall environment equipped with adequate learning facilities enhances detainees\u2019 focus and motivation to participate in religious programs.The study emphasizes that the success of religious programs in detention centers does not solely depend on program structure but also on supportive social interactions and environmental conditions that facilitate acceptance and transformation among juvenile detainees.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Acceptance, influence, juvenile detainee rehabilitation religious programs.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1318713874\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1318713874\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-196b544 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"196b544\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59a8783 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"59a8783\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">References<\/h6><ol><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ol><li>Abdul Ghafar Don, Razaleigh Muhamat Kawangit, Salasiah Hanin Hamjah, Fariza Md.Sham, Badlihisham Mohd.Nasir, Muhammad Faisal Asha\u2019ari &amp; Siti Rugayah Tibek. 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Evaluating the gradual delivery of knowledge-focused and mindset-focused messages for facilitating the acceptance of COPD. <em>Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies<\/em> <em>4<\/em>(4): 2025.<\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1318713875\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1318713875\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-0b4a780 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0b4a780\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e215446 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e215446\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wisdom-academia.my\/jopi\/wp-content\/uploads\/jopi-vol.1-052026\/jopi-vol.1-052026-61-73.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Please <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>CLICK<\/strong><\/span> here.<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4f273c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b4f273c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a9a75f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1a9a75f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b076107 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b076107\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b047f44 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b047f44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">MOHOMMADU NASHEER HASEEN , MOHAMED HANIFA MOHAMED SIFKAN  &amp; AHMED SARJOON RAZICK\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b454075 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b454075\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50d6c49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"50d6c49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The National Identity of Sri Lankan Muslims: Complementarity, Constitutional Constraint, and the Politics of Asymmetric Pluralism<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d4b259 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"6d4b259\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-758e8ea e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"758e8ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"123267306\" aria-label=\"Tabs. 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xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle History\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1232673062\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1232673062\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1232673062\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tPage &amp; DOI\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1232673063\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1232673063\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1232673063\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract &amp; Keywords\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1232673064\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1232673064\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1232673064\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1232673065\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1232673065\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1232673065\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Article (PDF)\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1232673061\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1232673061\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-175a161 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"175a161\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db99116 elementor-icon-list--layout-inline elementor-align-center elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"db99116\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items elementor-inline-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Received: 16.01.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Revised: 25.03.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Accepted: 30.04.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Published: 30.05.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1232673062\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1232673062\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-1957056 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1957056\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e637955 elementor-icon-list--layout-inline elementor-align-center elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"e637955\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items elementor-inline-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Page: 74-91<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/jopi.01.2026.06<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1232673063\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1232673063\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-9084a3e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9084a3e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-756685a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"756685a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/h6><p>This paper discusses the way in which the Sri Lankan Muslims define their national identity. The society started with the Arab-Indian sea merchants and was subsequently referred to as Moors by the colonizers. Since they are distributed all over the island and lack one homeland, they are primarily religious and not ethnic or territorial. One of the main constitutional concerns that is raised in the study is that Sri Lanka permits the use of the Muslim Personal Law in state-controlled Quazi courts but the constitution grants Buddhism a pre-eminent place, meaning that Muslims are given preference but not equal treatment. Social studies indicate that majority of the Sri Lankan Muslims view Islam and national identity as coexistent and deny the fact that they have to make a choice between the two. However, the continued ethnic violence and increased majority nationalism are indications that the integration of Muslims into the national identity is conditional and unstable which may not be fully established.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords: <\/strong>Ethno-religious politics, Muslim Personal Law, national identity, religious minority rights, Sri Lankan Muslims<strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1232673064\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1232673064\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-5a19031 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5a19031\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b7df4e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5b7df4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">References<\/h6><ol><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ol><li>Abdul Raheem, J., &amp; khan, D. 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Arab and Muslim settlements in Sri Lanka from pre-Islamic periods to 16 th century A . D . Dr SLM RIFAI. <em>Available at SSRN<\/em>, 1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.3815477<\/li><li>Tudor, M., &amp; Slater, D. (2021). Nationalism, authoritarianism, and democracy: historical lessons from South and Southeast Asia. <em>Perspectives on Politics<\/em> <em>19<\/em>(3): 706\u2013722. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S153759272000078X<\/li><li>Ullah, A. K. M. A. (2025). Empire, colonialism, and religious mobility in transnational history. <em>Religions<\/em> <em>16<\/em>(4). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rel16040403<\/li><li>van Rossum, M. (2020). <em>The Dutch East India Company and Slave Trade in the Indian Ocean and Indonesian Archipelago Worlds, 1602\u20131795<\/em>. Oxford University Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/acrefore\/9780190277727.013.403<\/li><li>Vickneswaran, G. (2022). Relocated housing schemes and women \u2019 s vulnerability\u202f: A sociological study of tsunami relocated housing schemes in Eastern Sri Lanka. <em>NEITHAL<\/em>, 66\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/http:\/\/www.digital.lib.esn.ac.lk\/\/handle\/1234\/15252<\/li><li>Wettimuny, S., &amp; Rajap, H. (2018). <em>Reforming the Muslim Marriage and Divorce Act<\/em>. https:\/\/archive.veriteresearch.org\/handle\/456\/5230<\/li><li>Zacky, M., Fouz, M., &amp; Moniruzzaman, M. (2021). Identity, political perspectives and communal relations of Muslim minority of Sri Lanka\u202f: An analytical survey on contemporary discourse. <em>Kalam International Research Journal<\/em> <em>14<\/em>(1): 49\u201359. http:\/\/ir.lib.seu.ac.lk\/handle\/123456789\/5595<\/li><li>Zreik, M. (2025). The maritime Silk Road: Connectivity and exchange across the Indian Ocean and Arabian Gulf. <em>Journal of Gulf Studies<\/em>. https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1386\/jgs_00016_1<\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1232673065\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1232673065\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-2587b84 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2587b84\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5fcc4d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5fcc4d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wisdom-academia.my\/jopi\/wp-content\/uploads\/jopi-vol.1-052026\/jopi-vol.1-052026-74-91.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Please <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>CLICK<\/strong><\/span> here.<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2dcd40c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2dcd40c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df17448 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"df17448\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-067b245 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"067b245\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9cf1fce elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9cf1fce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">MOHD HATIB ISMAIL, SITI ROHANI JASNI &amp; ZULY QODIR<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f400bcb elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f400bcb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea5c36d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ea5c36d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Keadilan Sosial Islam dalam Kerangka Masyarakat Madani<\/p><p><em>Islamic Social Justice within the Framework of a Civilised Society<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7fb50b2 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"7fb50b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a75d0d e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"2a75d0d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"44522765\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-445227651\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-445227651\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-445227651\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" 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278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tPage &amp; DOI\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-445227653\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-445227653\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-445227653\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract &amp; Keywords\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button 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25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-445227655\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-445227655\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-445227655\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Article (PDF)\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-445227651\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-445227651\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-05d76c4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"05d76c4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c94005d elementor-icon-list--layout-inline elementor-align-center elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"c94005d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items elementor-inline-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Received: 05.01.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Revised: 20.03.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Accepted: 28.04.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Published: 30.05.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-445227652\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-445227652\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-b82125f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b82125f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c47492 elementor-icon-list--layout-inline elementor-align-center elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"5c47492\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items elementor-inline-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Page: 92-104<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/jopi.01.2026.07<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-445227653\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-445227653\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-083f29c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"083f29c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-522f0a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"522f0a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/h6><p>Social justice remains a central concern in contemporary discussions on development and civilisational progress, particularly in addressing economic inequality, social disparities, and declining public trust in institutions. In the Islamic intellectual tradition, justice is not merely a moral principle or a mechanism of redistribution, but a divine mandate that structures social life. This article examines the concept of social justice in Islam within the framework of a civilised society as a normative foundation for contemporary societal development. Using a qualitative approach based on conceptual analysis of classical Islamic sources and the thought of Mustafa al-Siba\u2018i, complemented by selected modern theories of justice, the study identifies three interconnected dimensions of Islamic social justice: the ontological dimension rooted in tawhid and amanah, the institutional dimension concerning governance and resource management, and the moral dimension that nurtures social solidarity. The integration of these dimensions positions Islamic social justice as a coherent framework for building a sustainable, ethical, and resilient civilised society.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Civilisation, Islamic governance, \u00a0Madani, social justice, social solidarity.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-445227654\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-445227654\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-dbed619 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"dbed619\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c07c1da elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c07c1da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">References<\/h6><ol><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ol><li>Arom, N. 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Environmental sustainability and contemporary Islamic society: A Shar\u012b\u02bfah perspective. <em>Asian Academy of Management Journal<\/em> <em>27<\/em>(2): 211\u2013231.<br \/>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21315\/aamj2022.27.2.10<\/li><li>Rahman, B. T. F. (2025). Acceptance of the Malaysia MADANI policy concept among staff within MARA agencies. <em>E-BPJ: Evidence-Based Policy Journal<\/em> <em>10<\/em>(33): 93-102. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21834\/e-bpj.v10i33.7305\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21834\/e-bpj.v10i33.7305<\/a><\/li><li>Rawls, John, (1971), <em>A Theory of Justice. <\/em>London: Harvard University Press.<\/li><li>Saged, A. A. G., Alhaj, T. A. A., &amp; Bi, M. Y. Z. (2017). The role of the maq\u0101\u1e63id al-Shar\u012b\u02bfah in preserving the environment. <em>Humanomics<\/em> <em>33<\/em>(2): 125\u2013132.<br \/>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/H-12-2016-0105<\/li><li>Shinkafi, A. A., &amp; Ali, N. A. (2017). 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H., &amp; Hassan, F. (2021). Social justice in Malaysian racial society through maq\u0101\u1e63id syariah framework: From the media paradigm. <em>International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences<\/em> <em>11<\/em>(11): 381\u2013390. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6007\/IJARBSS\/v11-i11\/11021\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6007\/IJARBSS\/v11-i11\/11021<\/a><\/li><li>Qutb, Sayyid, (1984), <em>Keadilan Sosial dalam Islam. <\/em>terj. Afif Mohammad. Bandung: Penerbit Pustaka.<\/li><li>Zul\u2018Azmi Yaakob, (2005), <em>Konsep Keadilan dalam Pemikiran Akhlak Aristotle (M.322 SM) dan Ibn Miskawayh (M. 1030 M). <\/em>Tesis Sarjana. Bangi: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia<\/li><li>Zul \u2018Azmi, M. (2005). Konsep keadilan dalam Islam: Satu analisis terminologi. <em>Jurnal Syariah<\/em> 13(2): 45\u201362.<\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-445227655\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-445227655\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-68c7508 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"68c7508\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0ed0fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f0ed0fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wisdom-academia.my\/jopi\/wp-content\/uploads\/jopi-vol.1-052026\/jopi-vol.1-052026-92-104.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Please <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>CLICK<\/strong><\/span> here.<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c9c577 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c9c577\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-170bfa9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"170bfa9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-884388b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"884388b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f036fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9f036fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">MOHD HIDAYAT MAHADI, SITI NUR HUSNA ABD RAHMAN, NURSAFRA MOHD ZHAFFAR  &amp; NUR IZZATY MOHAMAD<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7eb756 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e7eb756\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52a55de elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"52a55de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Al-Ghazali\u2019s Skepticism and Its Influence on Aqidah of Malaysian Muslims<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44facc3 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"44facc3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c597cf7 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"c597cf7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"207191287\" aria-label=\"Tabs. 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278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tPage &amp; DOI\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2071912873\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2071912873\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2071912873\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract &amp; Keywords\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2071912874\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2071912874\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2071912874\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2071912875\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2071912875\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2071912875\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Article (PDF)\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2071912871\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2071912871\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-e19a745 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e19a745\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a488ab elementor-icon-list--layout-inline elementor-align-center elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"7a488ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items elementor-inline-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Received: 27.02.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Revised: 20.03.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Accepted: 25.04.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Published: 30.05.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2071912872\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2071912872\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-b38243b e-con-full 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0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Page: 105-116<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/jopi.01.2026.08<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2071912873\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2071912873\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-7f0bde2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7f0bde2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60f05a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"60f05a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/h6><p>Malaysia recognizes Islam as its official religion. Nevertheless, issues concerning faith (\u2018aqidah), particularly challenges related to skepticism, continue to emerge within Malaysian society. Skepticism, a philosophical approach in the pursuit of truth, may lead to confusion when applied to matters of \u2018aqidah concerning divine realities. Notably, al-Ghazali experienced a profound epistemological crisis, questioning certainty from rational and sensory sources. He ultimately resolved this through the spiritual path of Sufism. This article examines skepticism\u2019s implications for \u2018aqidah from al-Ghazali\u2019s perspective and its manifestations in Malaysia. Employing the PRISMA framework, the study systematically reviewed 25 peer-reviewed articles indexed in Scopus and Web of Science. Findings suggest that a spiritually grounded approach offers a coherent response to crises of faith. Since matters of the unseen transcend rational inquiry, integrating spiritual epistemology provides a comprehensive framework for resolving doubt. Al-Ghazali\u2019s model offers a relevant paradigm for addressing modern skepticism in contemporary Muslim contexts.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords: <\/strong>Aqidah, Al-Ghazali, Malaysia, skepticism, sufism.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2071912874\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2071912874\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-dcbe79f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"dcbe79f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-525b81c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"525b81c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">References<\/h6><ol><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ol><li>Ahmad Sunawari Long et al. 2001. <em>Falsafah Islam.<\/em> Bangi: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.<\/li><li>Ahmad Sunawari Long et al. 2006. <em>Sejarah Falsafah.<\/em> Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.<\/li><li>Alina Trifu, Eduard Smidu, Daniel Onut Badae, Eugenia Bulboaca, Vergilica Haralambie. 2022. <em>Applying the PRISMA method for obtaining systematic reviews of occupational safety issues in literature search<\/em>. MATEC Web of Conferences. 354: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/matecconf\/202235400052\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/matecconf\/202235400052<\/a><\/li><li>Andi N. 2015. Denial and skepticism in al Ghazali\u2019s theory of knowledge. <em>Journal of Islamic Civilization in Southeast Asia<\/em> <em>4<\/em> (1): 1-9.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24252\/jicsa.v4i1a5\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24252\/jicsa.v4i1a5<\/a><\/li><li>Azlan Khalili Shamsudin. 1991. <em>Al-Ghazali dan Konsep al-Nur<\/em>. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.<\/li><li>Azmil Zainal Abidin. 2024. Pendekatan imam al Ghazali dalam menyikapi disiplin falsafah: suatu analisis epistemologi. <em>Journal of Ifta and Islamic Heritage 3<\/em> (1): 97-119.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/ejournal.muftiwp.gov.my\/index.php\/jiftah\/article\/view\/69\">https:\/\/ejournal.muftiwp.gov.my\/index.php\/jiftah\/article\/view\/69<\/a><\/li><li>Chouhoud Y. 2016. <em>Modern pathways to doubt in Islam. <\/em>Yaqeen Institute for Islamic Research. <a href=\"https:\/\/yaqeeninstitute.org.my\/read\/paper\/modern-pathways-to-doubt-in-islam\">https:\/\/yaqeeninstitute.org.my\/read\/paper\/modern-pathways-to-doubt-in-islam<\/a>\u00a0 [Retrieved 30 December 2025].<\/li><li>Al Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad Ibn Muhammad. 1986. <em>al-Risalah al Laduniyah dalam Majma\u2019al Rasail.<\/em> Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah.<\/li><li>Al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad bin Muhammad. 1983. <em>The Alchemy of Happiness (Kimiya al-Saadah).<\/em> Translated by Claud Field. London: The Octagon Press.<\/li><li>Al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad bin Muhammad. 1971. <em>Ihya Ulum al-Din.<\/em> Beirut: Dar al-Fikr.<\/li><li>Al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad bin Muhammad. 1955. <em>Tahafut al Falasifah.<\/em> Edited by Sulayman Dunya. Cairo: Dar al-Makrifah.<\/li><li>Al Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad bin Muhammad. 2001. Al Ghazali deliverance from error and mystical union with the Almighty. <em>Al-Munqidh Min al-Dalal<\/em>. 2nd Vol. Washington: The Council for Research in Values And Philosophy.<\/li><li>Griffel, Frank. 2004. Al Ghazali\u2018s concept of prophecy: the introduction of Avicennan psychology into Ash\u2018arite theology<em>\u201d.<\/em> <em>Arabic Sciences and Philosophy 14<\/em>: 101-144.<\/li><li>Hume D. 1963. <em>An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding and Other Essays<\/em>. 2nd ed. New York: Washington Square Press Inc.<\/li><li>Imran Aijaz. 2023. <em>The Sceptical Muslim<\/em>. <em>Religious Studies. 59<\/em>: 495-514: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0034412522000348\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0034412522000348<\/a>\u00a0<\/li><li>Jasmi K. A. 2012. <em>Metodologi Pengumpulan Data dalam Penyelidikan Kualitatif<\/em>. Dlm., Kursus Penyelidikan Kualitatif Siri 1 2012, di Puteri Resort Melaka pada 28-29 Mac 2012. Dianjurkan oleh Institut Pendidikan Guru Malaysia Kampus Temenggung Ibrahim, Johor Bahru.<\/li><li>Mahadi MH; Mohd Haidhar Kamarzaman; Mohd Asyran Safwan Kamaruzaman &amp; Muhammad Hilmi Jalil. 2023. A model of ethical management in organisations: an analysis of al Ghazali\u2019s theory of management. <em>International Journal of Islamic Thought<\/em>. <em>24 <\/em>(June): 126-132.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.24.2023.275\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/ijit.24.2023.275<\/a><\/li><li>Mohd Fauzi Hamat. 2005. <em>Ketokohan al-Ghazali Dalam Bidang Logik<\/em>. Kuala Lumpur: Universiti Malaya.<\/li><li>Mohd Syahir Abu Bakar. 2018. <em>Perbandingan Pengurusan dan Pentadbiran Negara Antara al-Mawardi dan al-Ghazali<\/em>. Ph. D Thesis, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.<\/li><li>Mohd Zaidi Daud; Mohd Norhusairi Mat Hussin; Ruzman Md Noor &amp; Amalina Che Omar. Kajian isu-isu berkaitan pemeliharaan akidah dan pemikiran umat Islam di Malaysia. <em>Malaysia Journal of Syariah and Law<\/em> <em>11<\/em> (2): 366-380. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33102\/mjsl.vol11no2.454\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33102\/mjsl.vol11no2.454<\/a><\/li><li>Muhammad Hazim Baderun, Wan Haslan Khairuddin &amp; Abdull Rahman Mahmood. 2024. A discourse on the atheism within the Malaysia society. <em>E Bangi, Journal of Social Sciences &amp; Humanities<\/em> <em>21<\/em> (3): 78-87. DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17576\/ebangi.2024.2103.07\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17576\/ebangi.2024.2103.07<\/a><\/li><li>Ridzuan Masri. 2012. <em>Al-Ghazali\u2019s Ihya and the Ethics of the Modern Strategic Management: A Critical Evaluation<\/em>. Ph. D Thesis, International Islamic University Malaysia.<\/li><li>Sidi Gazalba. 1974. <em>Sistematika Filsafat<\/em>. Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Melayu Bhd.<\/li><li>Stewart, D &amp; Blocker, H. G. 1992. <em>Fundamentals of Philosophy<\/em>. 3rd ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.<\/li><li>Syarifuddin, S. (2022). Melacak skeptisisme dalam Islam klasik.\u00a0<em>Jurnal Filsafat dan Pemikiran Keislaman Refleksi<\/em>\u00a0<em>22<\/em>(1): 55-78.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14421\/ref.2022.2201-03\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14421\/ref.2022.2201-03<\/a><\/li><li>Taylan Budur. 2018. <em>The impact of al-Ghazali\u2019s virtues on organisational commitment and performance: a case study at private education institution in Kurdistan region of Iraq<\/em>. International Conference On Accounting, Business, Economics, And Politics (ICABEP 2018), pp. 196-208.<\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2071912875\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2071912875\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-60fa7bd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60fa7bd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ba2e0c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6ba2e0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wisdom-academia.my\/jopi\/wp-content\/uploads\/jopi-vol.1-052026\/jopi-vol.1-052026-105-116.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Please <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>CLICK<\/strong><\/span> here<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fbdc375 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fbdc375\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24e1109 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"24e1109\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75d206d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"75d206d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc65e8f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cc65e8f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">MOHD SYAHMI MOHD KAMIL, KAMARUDIN SALLEH &amp; AHMAD NAWIR ABU AMRIN\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-337a66b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"337a66b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3318825 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3318825\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Analysis on Past Literature Review: Abu Sayyaf&#8217;s Expansion Strategy and Its Impact on Sabah<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a67c998 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"a67c998\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e40e6c e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"1e40e6c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"31723116\" aria-label=\"Tabs. 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278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tPage &amp; DOI\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-317231163\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-317231163\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-317231163\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract &amp; Keywords\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-317231164\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-317231164\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-317231164\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-317231165\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-317231165\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-317231165\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Article (PDF)\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-317231161\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-317231161\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-ac94f56 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ac94f56\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b70b3f elementor-icon-list--layout-inline elementor-align-center elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"8b70b3f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items elementor-inline-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Received: 03.01.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Revised: 12.03.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Accepted: 15.04.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Published: 30.05.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-317231162\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-317231162\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-e9bfa20 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e9bfa20\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-677c980 elementor-icon-list--layout-inline elementor-align-center elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"677c980\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items elementor-inline-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Page: 117-128<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/jopi.01.2026.09<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-317231163\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-317231163\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-b4b2796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b4b2796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a79eb13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a79eb13\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/h6><p>The emergence of Abu Sayyaf militants (ASM) from the Philippines is a dark corner of Malaysian history that threatened harmony, especially in Sabah. Linked to various dangerous criminal activities since the 2000s, these efforts aim to achieve their ideological goals. Consequently, the narrative of the Abu Sayyaf Group&#8217;s strategy towards Sabah and Malaysia is studied by scholars through articles, books, and reports. A literature review of the last five to six years was carried out to identify militant strategies and conclude research problems for security experts and researchers. Through this analysis, the study concludes: First, research on the ASG criminal network in Sabah must be updated, as it involves international and domestic networks like the Maute group, BIFF, and small militant groups in Southeast Asia. Second, government changes affect militant activities in Malaysia, especially in Sabah and neighboring countries; hence, analysis is needed to generate new counter-narrative implications. Third, security cooperation in Southeast Asia must cover social media networks and include Singapore. This is because the Abu Sayyaf Group&#8217;s expansion narrative strategy covers not only Sabah and Indomalphil but the whole of Southeast Asia, including Singapore.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords: <\/strong>Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG), diaspora movement, expansion, Sabah, the Philippines. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-317231164\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-317231164\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-e60eaa5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e60eaa5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3911c3f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3911c3f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">References<\/h6><ol><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ol><li>Abdul Rashid &amp; Ramli Dollah. 2020. From &#8216;Mundu&#8217; to kidnapping for ransom (kfr): evolution of maritime security threat in the East Coast of Sabah. <em>Jurnal Kinabalu 26<\/em>(1): 1-22.<\/li><li>Abdul Rashid &amp; Ramli Dollah. Ancaman penculikan untuk tebusan di Pantai Timur Sabah, Malaysia: Peranan Angkatan Tugas Bersama 2 (ATB2). <em>Journal Sinergi 1<\/em> (7): 31 &#8211; 55<\/li><li>Bilveer Singh. 2018. Crime-Terror nexus in Southeast Asia: Case study of the Abu Sayyaf Group. <em>Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses<\/em> <em>10<\/em>(9): 6-10.<\/li><li>Bilveer Singh &amp; Jasminder Singh. 2019. From \u201cbandit\u201d to \u201cAmir\u201d\u2014The rise of the Abu Sayyaf Group as a Jihadi Organization in the Philippines. <em>Asian Politics &amp; Policy<\/em> <em>11<\/em>(3): 399\u2013416.<\/li><li>Chen, D. Y. 2019. Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) in its Own Words: How ASG Justifies, Thinks and Imagines its Use of Violence. Project Southeast Asia report. DOI:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13140\/RG.2.2.26590.46400\">10.13140\/RG.2.2.26590.46400<\/a><\/li><li>Counter Extremism Project. t.th. Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG). Counter Extremism Project Report. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/threat\/abu-sayyaf-group-asg%20%5bRetrieved:%201\">https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/threat\/abu-sayyaf-group-asg [Retrieved: 1<\/a> March 2026].<\/li><li>Fellman, Zack. 2011. Abu Sayyaf Group. AQAM Futures Project Case Study Series, Case Study Number 5. Center for Strategic and International Studies. <a href=\"https:\/\/csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com\/s3fs-public\/legacy_files\/files\/publication\/111128_Fellman_ASG_AQAMCaseStudy5.pdf\">https:\/\/csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com\/s3fs-public\/legacy_files\/files\/publication\/111128_Fellman_ASG_AQAMCaseStudy5.pdf<\/a> (Retrieved 1 March 2026].<\/li><li>Frizdi Rahmat &amp; Rusdiyanta. 2021. Hambatan INDOMALPHI dalam Menghadapi Ancaman Kelompok Abu Sayyaf (2016\u20132020). <em>Budi Luhur Journal of Contemporary Diplomacy<\/em> <em>5<\/em>(1): 77-84.<\/li><li>Harisi Hasih et al. 2019. Pasca 9\/11: Analisis peranan Jemaah Islamiyyah di Malaysia. <em>Journal of Islamic Social Sciences and Humanities<\/em> <em>18<\/em> (5): 7-27.<\/li><li>Hastings, Justin V. 2020. The return of sophisticated maritime piracy to Southeast Asia. <em>Pacific Affairs<\/em> 93(1): 5-29.<\/li><li>Herdi Sahrasad et al. 2018. Moro Muslims in Southern Phillippines: The rise of Abu Sayyaf and the genealogy of conflict in Southeast Asia. <em>Ulumuna<\/em>:\u00a0 <em>Journal of Islamic Studies<\/em> <em>22<\/em>(2): 378-394.<\/li><li>Hummel, Kristina &amp; Biscaichipy, Madeleine. 2023. A view from the CT Foxhole: Jessica White and Galen Lamphere-Englund, co-conveners, extremism and gaming research network. <em>CTC Sentinel<\/em> <em>Combating Terrorism Center West Point<\/em> <em>16<\/em>(3): 1-25.<\/li><li>International Crisis Group. 2022. Addressing Islamist militancy in the Southern Philippines.\u00a0\u00a0 Asia Report N\u00b0323. International Crisis Group. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.crisisgroup.org\/rpt\/asia-pacific\/philippines\/323-addressing-islamist-militancy-southern-philippines\">https:\/\/www.crisisgroup.org\/rpt\/asia-pacific\/philippines\/323-addressing-islamist-militancy-southern-philippines<\/a> (Retrieved: 1 March 2026].<\/li><li>Izyan Dahlia &amp; Zuliah Hamid. 2020. Risk perception towards international travellers\u2019 destination choice: A case of Sabah. <em>Journal of Tourism, Hospitality &amp; Culinary Arts<\/em> <em>12<\/em>(1): 347-359.<\/li><li>Kumar Ramakrishna. 2018. The radicalization of Abu Hamdie: Wider lessons for the ongoing struggle against violent extremism in Post Marawi Mindanao. <em>Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs<\/em> <em>5<\/em>(2): 1\u201318.<\/li><li>Muhammad Fajar. 2023. Kerja Sama Kontraterorisme Indonesia-Filipina Melawan Abu Sayyaf Pada Tahun 2015-2020. Skripsi Sarjana, Universitas Islam Indonesia.<\/li><li>Rahma Aulia Vinanda. 2021. Respon pemerintah Filipina Atas Ancaman Keamanan Kelompok Abu Sayyaf 2014-2019. Skripsi Sarjana, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.<\/li><li>Ramli Dollah &amp; Eko Prayitno Joko. 2015. \u2018Prosper Thy Neighbour\u2019 Policy and Malaysia involvement in The Southern Philippines Peace Process. <em>Jebat: Malaysian Journal of History, Politics &amp; Strategic Studies<\/em> <em>42<\/em> (1): 77-112.<\/li><li>Rustam et. Al. 2022. The effectiveness of Indomalphi Trilateral Cooperation in reducing maritime piracy by Abu Sayyaf Group in the Sulu-Sulawesi Sea. <em>Papua Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations 2<\/em>(2): 163-183.<\/li><li>Schuck, Christoph. 2020. How Islamist is the Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG)? An ideological assessment. <em>Asian Security<\/em> <em>17<\/em>(1): 105-118.<\/li><li>Siti Nur Azilayati et al. 2020. An analysis on the aftermath of Lahad Datu Incursion. <em>Journal of Media and Information Warfare<\/em> <em>13<\/em>(1): 87-104.<\/li><li>Syafawani &amp; Wan Fariza. 2020. Ancaman ideologi keganasan: Faktor-faktor penglibatan masyarakat Malaysia dalam kumpulan Daesh. <em>Journal al-\u2018Abqari<\/em> <em>23<\/em>(1): 111-127.<\/li><li>Wan Shawaluddin &amp; Ramli Dollah. 2008. Issues in Sabah Security and Its Impact to Malaysia. <em>Journal of Southeast Asian Studies<\/em> <em>13<\/em>: 49-67.<\/li><li>Zenn, Jacob. 2019. The Islamic State\u2019s Provinces on the Peripheries: Juxtaposing the pledges from Boko Haram in Nigeria and Abu Sayyaf and Maute Group in the Philippines. <em>Perspectives on Terrorism 13<\/em>(1): 87-104.<\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-317231165\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-317231165\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-0dcc4b7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0dcc4b7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3611c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d3611c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wisdom-academia.my\/jopi\/wp-content\/uploads\/jopi-vol.1-052026\/jopi-vol.1-052026-117-128.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Please <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>CLICK<\/strong><\/span> here<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-406684a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"406684a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ac0b81 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4ac0b81\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8331b9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e8331b9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f144a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9f144a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">MUHAMAD HUSNI HASBULAH, NAIMAH ABU KASIM  MUHAMMAD HAFIZ HASSAN, MUHAMAD HAZIQ HASSAN, KU MOHD SYARBAINI KU YAACOB &amp; ABDUL SALAM ZULKIFLI<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dbe6963 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"dbe6963\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-242d7fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"242d7fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Islamic Ethics in Artificial Intelligent: A Bibliometric Analysis<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fee2f8 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"6fee2f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-931f097 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"931f097\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"154267799\" aria-label=\"Tabs. 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24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Article (PDF)\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1542677991\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1542677991\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-000e9dc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"000e9dc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2a0e14 elementor-icon-list--layout-inline elementor-align-center elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"d2a0e14\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items elementor-inline-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Received: 16.01.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Revised: 20.03.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Accepted: 01.05.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Published: 30.05.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1542677992\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1542677992\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-fc12aab e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fc12aab\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ffc11ab elementor-icon-list--layout-inline elementor-align-center elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"ffc11ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items elementor-inline-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Page: 129-146<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/jopi.01.2026.10<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1542677993\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1542677993\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-a465e2b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a465e2b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0e2ec9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f0e2ec9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/h6><p>This bibliometric study examines the development of scholarship on Islamic ethics and artificial intelligence (AI) from 2005 to 2024. Using Scopus-indexed publications, refined through OpenRefine and analysed with VOSviewer, the study identifies 655 peer-reviewed journal articles in English and Malay addressing the intersection of Islamic ethical principles and AI technologies. The findings show that research is primarily concentrated in Social Sciences, Computer Science, and Arts and Humanities. Keyword co-occurrence analysis highlights \u201cartificial intelligence,\u201d \u201cethics,\u201d \u201cmachine learning,\u201d and \u201cChatGPT\u201d as central themes. Co-authorship and country analyses indicate that the United States and the United Kingdom dominate scholarly output, with Germany and Italy also playing influential roles. Citation analysis reveals that foundational AI ethics frameworks\u2014particularly those by Floridi et al. and Hagendorff\u2014serve as key intellectual anchors, bridging normative theory and applied ethics. The study concludes that while interest in Islamic ethics and AI is growing, the field remains geographically and disciplinarily concentrated. Future research should promote broader global collaboration and expand into underrepresented areas such as finance and public policy to enrich ethical discourse.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Islamic Ethics, Ethics, Artificial Intelligence, Bibliometric, Research Trends<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1542677994\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1542677994\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-ca16ef0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ca16ef0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08be86a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"08be86a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: center; padding-left: 40px;\">References<\/h6><ol><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ol><li>Abadalhady, W., Jasim, H. 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In <em>Automation in Construction<\/em> <em>80:<\/em> 37-47. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autcon.2017.04.002<\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1542677995\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1542677995\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-8485fb7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8485fb7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-604c982 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"604c982\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wisdom-academia.my\/jopi\/wp-content\/uploads\/jopi-vol.1-052026\/jopi-vol.1-052026-129-146.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Please <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>CLICK<\/strong><\/span> here.<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9c3eb8f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9c3eb8f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a2c57c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1a2c57c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-438f348 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"438f348\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f11e797 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f11e797\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">MUHAMMAD NIZAMUDDIN AZMI &amp; JAFFARY AWANG<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec09898 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"ec09898\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a829f03 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a829f03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Islamisasi Sebagai Ideologi Sosial dan Dinamika Hubungan Kaum\u00a0di Malaysia<br \/><em>Islamization as a Social Ideology and the Dynamics of Inter Ethnic Relations in Malaysia<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a5753c elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9a5753c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea1cd9f e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"ea1cd9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"245484959\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2454849591\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2454849591\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2454849591\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tArticle History\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2454849592\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2454849592\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2454849592\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tPage &amp; DOI\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2454849593\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2454849593\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2454849593\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract &amp; Keywords\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2454849594\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2454849594\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2454849594\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2454849595\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2454849595\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2454849595\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Article (PDF)\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2454849591\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2454849591\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-8dabafa e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8dabafa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d4dae9a elementor-icon-list--layout-inline elementor-align-center elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"d4dae9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items elementor-inline-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Received: 16.01.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Revised: 14.02.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Accepted: 27.04.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Published: 30.05.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2454849592\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2454849592\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-59d5742 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"59d5742\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4742137 elementor-icon-list--layout-inline elementor-align-center elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"4742137\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items elementor-inline-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Page: 147-157<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/jopi.01.2026.11<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2454849593\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2454849593\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-4ec2d03 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4ec2d03\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79f7d05 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"79f7d05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/h6><p>The reinforcement of Islamic values in the country\u2019s life system is a social and ideological process that shapes Islamization in Malaysia. This process does not only involve religious aspects, but it also influences the social, political, and cultural dimensions of a plural society. Policies introduced since the rise of Islamization in the 1980s\u2014such as the Policy of Islamic Values Integration, Islam Hadhari, and Malaysia Madani\u2014have been institutionalized to embed Islamic values. This process demonstrates that Islamization is not merely a religious matter but is rooted in a social ideology that shapes national identity and interethnic relations. Therefore, this study examines how the ideology of Islamization affects the social dynamics between ethnic groups in Malaysia, whether as a factor strengthening unity or as a source of challenges within the framework of cultural and religious pluralism. This research employs a qualitative approach by analyzing policy documents, academic materials such as journals and books, as well as scholarly writings. Antonio Gramsci\u2019s theory of hegemony is also used to understand the role of dominant ideology in shaping social consciousness, and Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas\u2019s concept of the Islamization of knowledge is applied to evaluate ethical and intellectual dimensions in the context of a plural society. The findings show that Islamization serves as a core element in strengthening moral values and social cohesion, but when its implementation is not aligned with principles of justice and inclusivity, it can give rise to challenges.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Islamization, social ideology, ethnic dynamics, unity, Malaysia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2454849594\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2454849594\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-99d39ce e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"99d39ce\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a103db0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a103db0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">References<\/h6><ol><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ol><li>Al-Attas, S. M. N. 1978. <em>Islam and sScularism<\/em>. ABIM.<\/li><li>Al-Attas, S. M. N. 1993. <em>Islam and the Philosophy of Science<\/em>. ISTAC.<\/li><li>Ambya et. al. 2025. Modernization and national identity: Quantitative insights into the role of Islamic education in Malaysia. <em>Al-Islah. Jurnal Pendidikan<\/em> <em>17<\/em> (1): 878-893. https:\/\/journal.staihubbulwathan.id\/index.php\/alishlah\/article\/view\/6611<\/li><li>Anwar Ibrahim. 2023. <em>Membangun Malaysia Madani<\/em>. Institut Darul Ehsan.<\/li><li>Chandra Muzaffar. 1987. <em>Islamic Resurgence in Malaysia<\/em>. Pelanduk Publications.<\/li><li>Chandra Muzaffar. 2002. <em>Rights, Religion and Reform: Enhancing Human Dignity through Spiritual and Moral Transformation<\/em>. RoutledgeCurzon.<\/li><li>Farish A. Noor. 2004. <em>Islam Embedded: The Historical Development of the Pan- Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), 1951\u20132003<\/em>. Malaysian Sociological Research Institute.<\/li><li>Farish A. Noor. 2009. <em>The Malaysian Islamic Party PAS: Historical Trajectories and Future Prospects<\/em>. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.<\/li><li>Fazlur Rahman. 1982. <em>Islam and Modernity: Transformation of an Intellectual Tradition<\/em>. University of Chicago Press.<\/li><li>Funston, J. 1988. <em>Malay Politics in Malaysia: A Study of the United Malays National Organisation and Party Islam<\/em>. Heinemann.<\/li><li>Gramsci, A. 1971. <em>Selections from the Prison Notebooks<\/em>. Lawrence and Wishart.<\/li><li>Hashim Musa. 2006. <em>Islam dan Melayu: Martabat Umat dan Daulat Rakyat<\/em>. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.<\/li><li>Hassan, M. K. 2009. <em>The Need to Understand the Concept of Islamization<\/em>. IIUM Press. Kamali, M. H. 2008. <em>Shari\u2018ah law: An Introduction<\/em>. Oneworld Publications.<\/li><li>Liow, J. C. Y. 2009. <em>Piety and Politics: Islamism in Contemporary Malaysia<\/em>. Oxford University Press.<\/li><li>Liow, J. C. Y. 2010. <em>Religious Reform, Development and Governance in Malaysia<\/em>. Routledge.<\/li><li>Means, G. P. 1991. <em>Malaysian Politics: The Second Generation<\/em>. Oxford University Press.<\/li><li>Mohd Azizuddin Mohd Sani. 2010. <em>Freedom of Political Speech and Social Responsibility in Malaysia<\/em>. Lambert Academic Publishing.<\/li><li>Mohd Kamal Hassan. 2011. <em>The Concept of Islamic Civilization and Contemporary Challenges<\/em>. IIUM Press.<\/li><li>Muhammad Fahmi. 2025. Multicultural Islamic education as strategy for strengthening social cohesion in Islamic school.<em> Jurnal Pendidikan Islam. 8<\/em> (1): 154-175. https:\/\/nazhruna.uacmjk.ac.id\/index.php\/nzh\/article\/view\/67<\/li><li>Muhammad Syukri Salleh. 2003. <em>7 Prinsip Pembangunan Berteraskan Islam<\/em>. Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia.<\/li><li>Mutalib, H. 1993. <em>Islam and Ethnicity in Malay Politics<\/em>. Oxford University Press.<\/li><li>Nagata, J. 1984. <em>The Reflowering of Malaysian Islam: Modern Religious Radicals and Their Roots<\/em>. University of British Columbia Press.<\/li><li>Nasr, S. H. 1994. <em>A Young Muslim\u2019s Guide to the Modern World<\/em>. Kazi Publications.<\/li><li>Noraini Zulkifli. 2017. Islamization policies and their impact on Malaysian society. <em>Malaysian Journal of Islamic Studies 5<\/em>(2): 45\u201360.<\/li><li>Rahimin Affandi Abd Rahim. 2012. Pendekatan Maqasid Syariah dalam pembinaan dasar Islam di Malaysia. <em>Jurnal Fiqh<\/em> 9: 1\u201322.<\/li><li>Rahman, F. 2018. <em>Contemporary Islamic Thought and the Challenge of Secularism<\/em>. IIUM Press.<\/li><li>Shamsul A. B. 1996. Debating about identity in Malaysia: A discourse analysis. <em>Southeast Asian Studies 34<\/em>(3): 476\u2013499.<\/li><li>Wan Mohd Nor Wan Daud. 1998. <em>The Educational Philosophy and Practice of Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas<\/em>. ISTAC.<\/li><li>Zainah Anwar. 1987. <em>Islamic Revivalism in Malaysia: Dakwah Among the Students<\/em>. Pelanduk Publications.<\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2454849595\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2454849595\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-dc28e75 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"dc28e75\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96257ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96257ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wisdom-academia.my\/jopi\/wp-content\/uploads\/jopi-vol.1-052026\/jopi-vol.1-052026-147-157.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Please <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>CLICK<\/strong><\/span> here.<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f81cf61 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f81cf61\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-336a32d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"336a32d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d166df0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d166df0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-515eadd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"515eadd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">MUHAMMAD ZAHID MUKHLIS, DEWI ANGGRAYNI &amp; IMAS KANIA RAHMAN<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-808adc0 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"808adc0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5b4a2d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c5b4a2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pandangan Islam terhadap Penggunaan AI dalam Mengatasi Kesepian: Etika dan Spiritual Komunikasi Manusia-Mesin<br \/><em>An Islamic Perspective on the Use of Artificial Intelligence to Address Loneliness: Ethical and Spiritual Dimensions of Human\u2013Machine Communication<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0315278 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0315278\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c52244 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"1c52244\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"29696580\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-296965801\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-296965801\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-296965801\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" 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278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tPage &amp; DOI\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-296965803\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-296965803\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-296965803\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract &amp; Keywords\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-296965804\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-296965804\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-296965804\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-296965805\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-296965805\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-296965805\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Article (PDF)\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-296965801\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-296965801\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-9ebc5ce e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9ebc5ce\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d907a6 elementor-icon-list--layout-inline elementor-align-center elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"8d907a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items elementor-inline-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Received: 05.02.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Revised: 20.03.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Accepted: 18.04.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Published: 30.05.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-296965802\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-296965802\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-fc51e62 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fc51e62\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e143f72 elementor-icon-list--layout-inline elementor-align-center elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"e143f72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items elementor-inline-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Page: 158-172<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/jopi.01.2026.12<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-296965803\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-296965803\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-fcaa484 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fcaa484\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27e7ddd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"27e7ddd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/h6><p>The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed human interaction, with innovations such as AI companions increasingly proposed as solutions to loneliness, a growing global public health concern. While these technologies show potential in offering emotional support, they also raise ethical and spiritual challenges that are often neglected within dominant Western ethical frameworks. This study addresses this gap by examining Islamic perspectives on the use of AI to alleviate loneliness, focusing on the ethical and spiritual dimensions of human\u2013machine communication. Using a qualitative approach, the study combines an extensive literature review with field research. Textual analysis is conducted on primary Islamic sources, including classical and contemporary Quranic exegesis and relevant Hadith, alongside semi-structured interviews with scholars in Islamic communication and technology ethics. The findings indicate that Islam permits the use of AI in a limited and conditional manner. AI is regarded as a supplementary tool that must not replace or undermine authentic human relationships and must operate in alignment with the objectives of Islamic law (Maq\u0101\u1e63id al-Shar\u012b\u02bfah).Spiritually, the study highlights that the fundamental remedy for loneliness is transcendental, rooted in\u00a0dhikrull\u0101h(remembrance of God) and the strengthening of communal bonds (ukhuwwah). Reliance on AI risks dehumanization and illusory dependency, underscoring the need for ethically grounded AI development within mental health contexts.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong>\u00a0Artificial intelligence, dehumanization, human\u2013machine communication, illusory dependency, loneliness.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-296965804\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-296965804\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-a0eaaad e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a0eaaad\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9279d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e9279d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">References<\/h6><ol><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ol><li>Abas, N. A., &amp; Sahad, M. N. (2021, September 7). A Comparative study between reflexive thematic analysis in social sciences and Qur&#8217;anic thematic analysis in Qur&#8217;anic sciences. <em>Journal of Ma&#8217;alim Al-Quran Wa Al-Sunnah 17<\/em>: 1-25.<\/li><li>Abu Ulfah, R. S. (2007). <em>Syuruh Sunan Ibn Majah.<\/em> Amman: Bait Al-Afkar Al-Dawliyyah. Retrieved August 21, 2025, from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.afkar.ws\/\">http:\/\/www.afkar.ws\/<\/a><\/li><li>Alotaibi, J. O., &amp; Alshare, A. S. (2024, December). The role of conversational AI agents in providing support and social care for isolated individuals. <em>Alexandria Engineering Journal 108<\/em>: 273-284. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aej.2024.07.098\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aej.2024.07.098<\/a><\/li><li>Al-&#8216;Asqalani, A. b. (2010). <em>Fath Al-Bari bi Syarh Shahih Al-Imam Abi Abdillah Muhammad Bin Ismail Al-Bukhari<\/em> (Vol. 11). Cairo: Al-Maktabah Al-Salafiyyah.<\/li><li>Al-Baghawiy, A. M.-H. (1989). <em>Tafsir Al-Baghawiy Ma&#8217;alim al-Tanzil<\/em> (Vol. 4). Riyadh: Daar At-Thayyibah. Retrieved August 19, 2025<\/li><li>Al-Baghawiy, A. M.-H. (1989). <em>Tafsir Al-Baghawiy Ma&#8217;alim al-Tanzil<\/em> (Vol. 8). Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Daar At-Thayyibah.<\/li><li>Budiman, M., Wijaya, M. M., Noor, I. H., Safuan, S., &amp; Destriana, R. (2024, December 30). Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Islam: Building Ethics and solutions based on tawhid. <em>Proceeding of the International Conference on Religious Education and Cross-Cultural Understanding 1<\/em>(2): 60-76. <a href=\"https:\/\/prosiding.aripi.or.id\/index.php\/ICGEL\">https:\/\/prosiding.aripi.or.id\/index.php\/ICGEL<\/a><\/li><li>Al-Bukhari, A. A. (2002). <em>Shahih Al-Bukhari<\/em> (1st ed.). Damaskus: Daar Ibn Katsir.<\/li><li>De Freitas, J., Uguralp, A. K., Uguralp, Z. O., &amp; Puntoni, S. (2024, July 26). 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Types of Purposive sampling techniques with their examples and application in qualitative research studies. <em>British Journal of Multidisciplinary and Advanced Studies: English Lang., Teaching, Literature, Linguistics &amp; Communication 5<\/em>(1): 90-99. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/doi.org\/10.37745\/bjmas.2022.0419\">https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37745\/bjmas.2022.0419<\/a><\/li><li>Gomes, S., Lopes, J. M., &amp; Nogueira, E. (2025, January 15). Anthropomorphism in artificial intelligence: a game\u2011changer for brand marketing. <em>Future Business Journal 11<\/em>(2): 1-15. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s43093-025-00423-y\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s43093-025-00423-y<\/a><\/li><li>Goyanes, M., Lopezosa, C., &amp; Jorda, B. (2025, June 20). 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Ethical implications of artificial intelligence: An Islamic perspective. <em>Journal of Religion &amp; Society (JR&amp;S) 3<\/em>(1): 347-358.<\/li><li>Yan, L., Echeverria, V., Nieto, G. F., Jin, Y., Swiecki, Z., Gasevic, D., &amp; Martinez-Maldonado, R. (2023, November 7). Human-AI collaboration in thematic analysis using chatgpt: a user study and design recommendations. <em>arXiv<\/em>, 1-12. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2311.03999\">https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2311.03999<\/a><\/li><li>Zuhri, M. T., Sahlani, L., Munawaroh, &amp; Nenden. (2024, December). The ethics of Artificial Intelligence (AI) utilization in Qur&#8217;anic studies: An Islamic philosophical perspective. <em>Asyahid Journal of Islamic and Quranic Studies (AJIQS), 6<\/em>(2).,https:\/\/doi.org\/10.62213\/b6hexr21<\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-296965805\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-296965805\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-22d535c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"22d535c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-323e722 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"323e722\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wisdom-academia.my\/jopi\/wp-content\/uploads\/jopi-vol.1-052026\/jopi-vol.1-052026-158-172.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Please <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>CLICK<\/strong><\/span> here.<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e5c2bf4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e5c2bf4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-732330f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"732330f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c904a0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8c904a0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71e8175 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"71e8175\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">SYAMSUL RIJAL, SYATRIA ADYMAS PRANAJAYA &amp; FIRDAUS M. YUNUS<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0ddf09 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b0ddf09\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53029ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"53029ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Religious Moderation in the Context of Understanding Theory and Renewed Social Reality<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-94c4c41 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"94c4c41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a87facc e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"a87facc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"176683724\" aria-label=\"Tabs. 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278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tPage &amp; DOI\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1766837243\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1766837243\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1766837243\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract &amp; Keywords\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1766837244\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1766837244\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1766837244\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1766837245\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1766837245\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1766837245\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Article (PDF)\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1766837241\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1766837241\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-81875ae e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"81875ae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-789964b elementor-icon-list--layout-inline elementor-align-center elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"789964b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items elementor-inline-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Received: 16.01.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Revised: 26.03.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Accepted: 28.04.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Published: 30.05.2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1766837242\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1766837242\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-6514cd4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6514cd4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-164d923 elementor-icon-list--layout-inline elementor-align-center elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"164d923\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items elementor-inline-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Page: 173-185<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24035\/jopi.01.2026.13<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1766837243\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1766837243\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-78cfc47 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"78cfc47\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1361d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e1361d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The discourse on religious moderation has tended to be normative and separated from the dynamics of interpretation and contemporary social change. This article is raised because there is a gap in the approach to understanding religious moderation which has not integrated many hermeneutical perspectives with new social realities. This research aims to explain religious moderation within the framework of the theory of understanding and the evolving social context. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach with a literature study technique, which examines the works of Hans-Georg Gadamer, and Paul Ricoeur, as well as contemporary Muslim thinkers such as Fazlur Rahman and Amina Wadud. The main findings show that religious moderation is not simply a middle-of-the-road attitude, but is the result of a historical, dialogical, and contextual interpretation process of texts and social realities. The novelty of this study lies in integrating the Western hermeneutical framework and Islamic contextual interpretation as an interpretative approach to the values of moderation. The article also presents the real implementation of religious moderation through education, interfaith dialog, and digital da&#8217;wah in line with technological developments and state policies. Thus, this article provides theoretical and practical contributions to strengthening religious moderation in response to the challenges of globalization, digitalization, and the plurality of contemporary society.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords: <\/strong>Hermeneutics, religious education, religious moderation, social reality, tolerance.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1766837244\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1766837244\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-b77d629 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b77d629\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-edc6a83 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"edc6a83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">References<\/h6><ol><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ol><li>Andriyana, P., &amp; Adrian, B. 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